Civil Projects

Store Management is an important aspect in a construction site. Material requirement should be calculated and the orders should be placed in advance so that material is readily available when work begins. The site stores in this site mainly manage receiving, issuing and storing of material and the maintenance of plant & equipments. Characteristics Of A Well Managed Store Availability of materials whenever required The storage quantity should neither be too much as it would increase the storage cost and the material may get deteriorated. On the other hand the stock levels should not be too low as a material shortage may lead to delays of the project. The optimum may vary from site to site, item to item or supplier to supplier. Yet it is a good practice to keep one week’s requirement in stock. Material should be stored in such a manner that they are easily accessible, not subjected to environmental damages and would not obstruct the site traffic. Using the FIFO basis in i...

Machinery Use At Road Project There are many operations to be done in a construction project. Such as demolishing excavation of Earth, transport of material, cleaning etc. for that, most of these operation machines are used Different machines are used difference purpose. The selecting of machinery is done accordingly Nature of work Method of construction Time allowed for the work Earth Moving Equipment Almost all civil engineering project, start with earth excavating work on earth filling even for project where only earth filling is involved. It is necessary to excavate earth from other location for that various types of machines equipment general used such as, Excavators Excavators are very popular earth machine equipment it is mainly using for demolishing work & excavation. There are two types of the feet excavators. Hydraulically powered excavators Cable excavators Hydraulically powered excavators The conventional shovel ex...

  Aggregate Base Course (ABC)   Normally construction of ABC shall be commenced after completing of Sub Base and the drainage works. Aggregate Base Course is a mixture of various sizes of aggregates and quarry dust in it. Normally aggregates of 37.5mm, 20mm, and 10mm… are included. In this project, the thickness of the ABC layer is 225mm. The motor grader is used to laying ABC. Normally the road has a cross fall of 3% from the centre the motor grader can be used to blade the road as required. After placing it shall be compacted well using the rollers and the compaction shall be tested. Degree of compaction should be 98% or more. Where (0-40 mm) ABC material has to be spread on a sub-base, the surface of sub-Base should be cleared from any extraneous matter. The ABC material was spread after checking all necessary testing like sieve analysis. After checking the underlying layer for damages or deficiencies, ABC material layer was spread in layers not exceeding ...

    Preliminary work in road construction is surveying & leveling works. This consists of Traverse Survey, TBM Survey, and Centre Line Setting out, Centre Line marking, Cross Section Survey and Submittal of Drawings. Traverse Survey At the commencement of contract all the basic traverse points will be checked and if any are found to be missing or appear to have been disturbed, necessary arrangements should be made to re-establish the points and traverse survey is carried out after that. Establishing TBMS We did not use survey Department bench marks .The permanent concrete cube was selected to permanent bench mark. It height was assumed hundred meters. But this point is not sufficient for construction purposes. So reference to this point Temporary bench marks (TBM) should be established. TBMs are used to transfer reduce levels in road construction. Temporary bench marks should be established at the rate of four per km and also at or near all structures. When e...

  Safety is very important for any construction firm. As Engineers we must consider safety first. It means care about accident earlier and takes some action to avoid damages. It is very important to identified hazards involved in the various operations, which are carried out during the construction phase of project. Some accidents can be fatal and some can results in permanent or partial disable. Safety precaution have been taken at site in order to avoid unexpected accident. Labours are instructed to use safety instruments which they are working. It may be difficult to find an accident free construction site some of the accidents are fatal and some results in permanent complete or partial. People began to realize that occupational accidents had economic as well as physical consequences unexpected accidents and injuries affected to construction as follows. Working time loss by the injured person. Working time loss witness and the accidents investigations. Productio...

Men At Work End Men at work end sign is used to worn the motorists the end of the men working area in the road construction section.   Men at work end Road Narrow Road narrow sing is used to worn the motorists existing width becomes restricted. According to type of restriction we must decided the sing type of road narrow to be used. Road narrow sign normally fix at twenty five after the Men at Work signboard   Road narrow Hump Hump sign is used to worn the motorists, hump is ahead and slow down the vehicle. The purpose of Hump make the vehicle speed to death slow at hazardous places so the vehicle must slow down their speed and accident con be minimize. Hump must be constructed with hump ahead signboards fix both side of hump. Two hump ahead signboards fix thirty meters after and before the hump.   Hump Traffic Cones Traffic cones are temporarily provided on the carriageway during road works and are generally placed around the obstruc...

  Main Break Water(MBW) access road occurs several cracks on the asphalt binder course. The road cracks are monitored and investigated with specialist from RDA Research & Development. This report describes the reason and remedial method of the cracks based on the investigation and consultation. MBW access road structure consists of fallowing cross section and the core samples have been taken on the cracks. According to core sample data, can be observed that the crack was started from CBM and reflected to the binder course surface. CRACK INVESTIGATION The crack survey carried out for the entire road and investigation detail summarized as an attached sheet. Core samples were taken from the jointly selected locations with the engineer. MBW access road cracks were categorized into two types based on crack surface appearance. Transverse cracks Longitudinal cracks ...

Process Analysis For– Asphalt Concrete Surfacing   Process Analysis For Concrete Structures

Types of kerbs and their dimensions Download Here

  The major materials used for the construction of bridge, but are not limited to the following. Cement Sand Aggregate Water Reinforcements Fly wood sheets Embankment Filling Materials (Type 1 or Type 2) Sub-base Materials Rock Fill Gunny Bags Concrete Guard rails Guard posts Kerbs Paving slabs Equipment The major equipment used for the construction of the Bridge includes, but are not limited to the following. JCB, and/or Backhoes, and/or Excavator Dump Trucks Tractor & Trailer 1.2 tone vibratory rollers Rammers / Plate Compactors Poker Vibrators Truck mixtures Sampling & Testing Equipment Total Station & Auto Level Truck Crane Generator Compressor Other minor tools Safety Management and Control Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Method and Procedures After demolition and removing t...

  Materials The major materials used for the construction of bridge deck, but are not limited to the following. Concrete (Gr   30/20) Reinforcement Form work & falls work Equipment The major equipment used for the construction of the Bridge deck includes, but are not limited to the following. Truck mixtures Sampling & Testing Equipment Total Station & Auto Level Truck Crane/ Mobile crane Generator Compressor Other minor tools Porker vibrator Safety Management and Control   Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic & Safety Manual. Every precaution will be taken to avoid any accidents & damages to adjoining properties, workers, and road users. Deck slab concreting will be poured by directly from tuck mixer by standing on the existing bridge & will maintain the required thickness. Existing Bridge will be closed time to time with help of local Police. All workers will be advi...

Materials The major materials used for rectification of defective wearing course, but are not limited to the following. CRS 1 Asphalt Equipment The major equipment used for rectification of defective wearing course, but are not limited to the following. Asphalt cutter Double drum roller PTR Lorry        Safety Management and Control Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Every precautions will be taken avoid any damages to adjoining properties.  Method and Procedures Following procedure will be used to rectify the damaged wearing course. The locations of the defective places will be observed and find out jointly with Engineer. Then the cut wearing course to a width of 500 mm using Asphalt cutter and remove existing wearing course. The cutting to be done continually to include all small patches ( cracks ) as to suit site condition. The tack coat will be ...

Materials The major materials used for slurry sealing work, but are not limited to the following. Aggregate Filler ( Portland cement ) Emulsion ( CSS 1) Water Equipment The major equipment used for the slurry sealing, but are not limited to the following. Plate Compactors Tractor & Trailer Other minor tools Man power Man power used for the access construction, but are not limited to the following. Technical Officer Skilled Labours Unskilled Labours Safety Management and Control Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Every precautions will be taken avoid any damages to adjoining properties.   Method and Procedures Following procedure will be used to slurry sealing on the embankment. See flow chart at Appendix A. All loose material, mud spots, vegetation and other objectionable material will be removed immediately prior to applying the slurry. After the preparation of existing surface, a ...

Preparation of Surface The layer to be primed shall be cleaned of all loose and deleterious material by means of a rotary broom and/or hand brooms or other approved means. The brushing force shall be sufficient to dislodge all adhering material without damaging the pavement surface. Scale, clay and other foreign material shall be removed by hand where instructed. The exposed surface shall be kept moist up to the time of spraying. If the moisture content is too high to permit full penetration of the prime coat in the opinion of the Engineer the Contractor shall delay prime coat application until the moisture content is satisfactory for full penetration as instructed by the Engineer. The surface shall be prepared in this manner to expose a hard tight mosaic of large aggregate in the base course. Hardened impervious films or layers of compacted fine material over the larger aggregate shall be removed by approved by the Engineer. Preparation of road surface for paving with asphalt...

Aggregate Base Coarse Materials Aggregate Base Course. (0-40mm) Water Equipment The major equipment used for the laying of ABC works and compaction, but are not limited to the following. JCB, and/or Backhoes Bob Cat Dump Trucks Rollers Motor Grader Rammers / Plate Compactors Water Bowser Sampling & Testing Equipment Auto Level, Straight Edge & Wedge Other minor tools Man Power Man Power used for the Aggregate Base course works includes, but are not limited to the following. Site Engineer Technical Officers Supervisors Labours Safety & Traffic controllers Safety Management and Traffic Control All workers will be advised to wear helmets, boots, and gloves while working. There will be a stand by vehicle near site always if needed in a case of accident. The safety officer inspects several times to inspect safety matters. Method...