Civil Projects

Tendering Methods & procedures: Methods of Contractor Selection: The selection of a contractor to carry out construction works in a project is a very important matter. A wrong choice may lead to an unhappy client / contractor relationship. It also may end up with dissatisfied client and sometimes even with an insolvent contractor. The client’s professional advisers should find a contracting company; That is financially stable / and has a good business record. For which the size of project is neither too small nor too large. That has a reputation for good quality workmanship and efficient organization. There are three principal methods for choosing a contractor: (a) open tendering, (b) selective tendering, (c) nomination. Open Tendering – Initiated by client’s architect/ quantity surveyor advertising in newspapers and/or inviting contractors to apply for tender documents and to tender in competition for carrying out the work. Usually a deposit i...

Quantity Surveying Organization & Practice; Office & Staffing Organization; General procedure in Quantity Surveying office; Essential to keep the office well organized, so that work is dealt with satisfactory and logical manner. At the start of a new project; all architect’s drawings should be stamped with the office stamp and the date of receipt. All drawings should be listed and carefully examined. Figured dimensions on the drawing should be checked, and any omitted dimensions calculated and inserted on the drawing. If walls and partitions are coloured in different colours, according to type and thickness, it is easier for identification. Any queries on the drawings should be entered on query sheets for clarification from Architect. If quantity surveyor is unfamiliar with materials, components, etc, he should obtain full particulars from manufacturers. If possible, same group of quantity surveyors should be arranged to take all works from inception to completion o...

Excavation For Pile Cap Shoring is provided around the proposed pile cap with 600mm working space. Excavation is carried out up to certain level by using backhoe. Then excavation was carried out manually. Excavation is very difficult below ground water level. De watering system should be provided. Excavation With Jcb Shoring Is Provided Difficulties in excavation below the ground water level. Difficult to remove the soil Need continuous de watering process Density of soil will increased Erosion or collapse of the sides of the excavation Pile Hacking Pile is casted up to above required level. Then it is broken up to required level. This is known as pile hacking. Top concrete is weaken so pile should be casted above required level. Normally height above required level, it is equal to the diameter of the pile. But during the concreting ensure the concreting whole pile, normally concreting the ground level. Then excavate soil and pile ...

  Setting out is done to locate the position of the structural parts as in the detailed drawing with geometrical construction. The setting out is done to locate pile position, pile cap, column position, beam bottoms and slab boundary in the site. Setting out is done with the reference to grid lines. When the grid lines are given in the drawing, setting out are done with reference to these grid lines using any type of technique means Suring angles or distances. In the absence of any kind of grid lines detail first the location is at the site. Considering other requirements of usage and setting out is done with reference to any base line or permanent structure. In site the base line has marked in the side of the Moors road and all grid lines are marked on around of the boundary wall. The accuracy of setting out is depending on the usage and for which the structure is used. The method of setting out is depend considering the accuracy required and the measuring instruments avai...

Store Management is an important aspect in a construction site. Material requirement should be calculated and the orders should be placed in advance so that material is readily available when work begins. The site stores in this site mainly manage receiving, issuing and storing of material and the maintenance of plant & equipments. Characteristics Of A Well Managed Store Availability of materials whenever required The storage quantity should neither be too much as it would increase the storage cost and the material may get deteriorated. On the other hand the stock levels should not be too low as a material shortage may lead to delays of the project. The optimum may vary from site to site, item to item or supplier to supplier. Yet it is a good practice to keep one week’s requirement in stock. Material should be stored in such a manner that they are easily accessible, not subjected to environmental damages and would not obstruct the site traffic. Using the FIFO basis in i...

Machinery Use At Road Project There are many operations to be done in a construction project. Such as demolishing excavation of Earth, transport of material, cleaning etc. for that, most of these operation machines are used Different machines are used difference purpose. The selecting of machinery is done accordingly Nature of work Method of construction Time allowed for the work Earth Moving Equipment Almost all civil engineering project, start with earth excavating work on earth filling even for project where only earth filling is involved. It is necessary to excavate earth from other location for that various types of machines equipment general used such as, Excavators Excavators are very popular earth machine equipment it is mainly using for demolishing work & excavation. There are two types of the feet excavators. Hydraulically powered excavators Cable excavators Hydraulically powered excavators The conventional shovel ex...

  Aggregate Base Course (ABC)   Normally construction of ABC shall be commenced after completing of Sub Base and the drainage works. Aggregate Base Course is a mixture of various sizes of aggregates and quarry dust in it. Normally aggregates of 37.5mm, 20mm, and 10mm… are included. In this project, the thickness of the ABC layer is 225mm. The motor grader is used to laying ABC. Normally the road has a cross fall of 3% from the centre the motor grader can be used to blade the road as required. After placing it shall be compacted well using the rollers and the compaction shall be tested. Degree of compaction should be 98% or more. Where (0-40 mm) ABC material has to be spread on a sub-base, the surface of sub-Base should be cleared from any extraneous matter. The ABC material was spread after checking all necessary testing like sieve analysis. After checking the underlying layer for damages or deficiencies, ABC material layer was spread in layers not exceeding ...