Civil Projects

Excavation For Pile Cap Shoring is provided around the proposed pile cap with 600mm working space. Excavation is carried out up to certain level by using backhoe. Then excavation was carried out manually. Excavation is very difficult below ground water level. De watering system should be provided. Excavation With Jcb Shoring Is Provided Difficulties in excavation below the ground water level. Difficult to remove the soil Need continuous de watering process Density of soil will increased Erosion or collapse of the sides of the excavation Pile Hacking Pile is casted up to above required level. Then it is broken up to required level. This is known as pile hacking. Top concrete is weaken so pile should be casted above required level. Normally height above required level, it is equal to the diameter of the pile. But during the concreting ensure the concreting whole pile, normally concreting the ground level. Then excavate soil and pile ...

  Setting out is done to locate the position of the structural parts as in the detailed drawing with geometrical construction. The setting out is done to locate pile position, pile cap, column position, beam bottoms and slab boundary in the site. Setting out is done with the reference to grid lines. When the grid lines are given in the drawing, setting out are done with reference to these grid lines using any type of technique means Suring angles or distances. In the absence of any kind of grid lines detail first the location is at the site. Considering other requirements of usage and setting out is done with reference to any base line or permanent structure. In site the base line has marked in the side of the Moors road and all grid lines are marked on around of the boundary wall. The accuracy of setting out is depending on the usage and for which the structure is used. The method of setting out is depend considering the accuracy required and the measuring instruments avai...

Store Management is an important aspect in a construction site. Material requirement should be calculated and the orders should be placed in advance so that material is readily available when work begins. The site stores in this site mainly manage receiving, issuing and storing of material and the maintenance of plant & equipments. Characteristics Of A Well Managed Store Availability of materials whenever required The storage quantity should neither be too much as it would increase the storage cost and the material may get deteriorated. On the other hand the stock levels should not be too low as a material shortage may lead to delays of the project. The optimum may vary from site to site, item to item or supplier to supplier. Yet it is a good practice to keep one week’s requirement in stock. Material should be stored in such a manner that they are easily accessible, not subjected to environmental damages and would not obstruct the site traffic. Using the FIFO basis in i...

Machinery Use At Road Project There are many operations to be done in a construction project. Such as demolishing excavation of Earth, transport of material, cleaning etc. for that, most of these operation machines are used Different machines are used difference purpose. The selecting of machinery is done accordingly Nature of work Method of construction Time allowed for the work Earth Moving Equipment Almost all civil engineering project, start with earth excavating work on earth filling even for project where only earth filling is involved. It is necessary to excavate earth from other location for that various types of machines equipment general used such as, Excavators Excavators are very popular earth machine equipment it is mainly using for demolishing work & excavation. There are two types of the feet excavators. Hydraulically powered excavators Cable excavators Hydraulically powered excavators The conventional shovel ex...

  Aggregate Base Course (ABC)   Normally construction of ABC shall be commenced after completing of Sub Base and the drainage works. Aggregate Base Course is a mixture of various sizes of aggregates and quarry dust in it. Normally aggregates of 37.5mm, 20mm, and 10mm… are included. In this project, the thickness of the ABC layer is 225mm. The motor grader is used to laying ABC. Normally the road has a cross fall of 3% from the centre the motor grader can be used to blade the road as required. After placing it shall be compacted well using the rollers and the compaction shall be tested. Degree of compaction should be 98% or more. Where (0-40 mm) ABC material has to be spread on a sub-base, the surface of sub-Base should be cleared from any extraneous matter. The ABC material was spread after checking all necessary testing like sieve analysis. After checking the underlying layer for damages or deficiencies, ABC material layer was spread in layers not exceeding ...

    Preliminary work in road construction is surveying & leveling works. This consists of Traverse Survey, TBM Survey, and Centre Line Setting out, Centre Line marking, Cross Section Survey and Submittal of Drawings. Traverse Survey At the commencement of contract all the basic traverse points will be checked and if any are found to be missing or appear to have been disturbed, necessary arrangements should be made to re-establish the points and traverse survey is carried out after that. Establishing TBMS We did not use survey Department bench marks .The permanent concrete cube was selected to permanent bench mark. It height was assumed hundred meters. But this point is not sufficient for construction purposes. So reference to this point Temporary bench marks (TBM) should be established. TBMs are used to transfer reduce levels in road construction. Temporary bench marks should be established at the rate of four per km and also at or near all structures. When e...

  Safety is very important for any construction firm. As Engineers we must consider safety first. It means care about accident earlier and takes some action to avoid damages. It is very important to identified hazards involved in the various operations, which are carried out during the construction phase of project. Some accidents can be fatal and some can results in permanent or partial disable. Safety precaution have been taken at site in order to avoid unexpected accident. Labours are instructed to use safety instruments which they are working. It may be difficult to find an accident free construction site some of the accidents are fatal and some results in permanent complete or partial. People began to realize that occupational accidents had economic as well as physical consequences unexpected accidents and injuries affected to construction as follows. Working time loss by the injured person. Working time loss witness and the accidents investigations. Productio...

Men At Work End Men at work end sign is used to worn the motorists the end of the men working area in the road construction section.   Men at work end Road Narrow Road narrow sing is used to worn the motorists existing width becomes restricted. According to type of restriction we must decided the sing type of road narrow to be used. Road narrow sign normally fix at twenty five after the Men at Work signboard   Road narrow Hump Hump sign is used to worn the motorists, hump is ahead and slow down the vehicle. The purpose of Hump make the vehicle speed to death slow at hazardous places so the vehicle must slow down their speed and accident con be minimize. Hump must be constructed with hump ahead signboards fix both side of hump. Two hump ahead signboards fix thirty meters after and before the hump.   Hump Traffic Cones Traffic cones are temporarily provided on the carriageway during road works and are generally placed around the obstruc...

  Main Break Water(MBW) access road occurs several cracks on the asphalt binder course. The road cracks are monitored and investigated with specialist from RDA Research & Development. This report describes the reason and remedial method of the cracks based on the investigation and consultation. MBW access road structure consists of fallowing cross section and the core samples have been taken on the cracks. According to core sample data, can be observed that the crack was started from CBM and reflected to the binder course surface. CRACK INVESTIGATION The crack survey carried out for the entire road and investigation detail summarized as an attached sheet. Core samples were taken from the jointly selected locations with the engineer. MBW access road cracks were categorized into two types based on crack surface appearance. Transverse cracks Longitudinal cracks ...

Process Analysis For– Asphalt Concrete Surfacing   Process Analysis For Concrete Structures

Types of kerbs and their dimensions Download Here

  The major materials used for the construction of bridge, but are not limited to the following. Cement Sand Aggregate Water Reinforcements Fly wood sheets Embankment Filling Materials (Type 1 or Type 2) Sub-base Materials Rock Fill Gunny Bags Concrete Guard rails Guard posts Kerbs Paving slabs Equipment The major equipment used for the construction of the Bridge includes, but are not limited to the following. JCB, and/or Backhoes, and/or Excavator Dump Trucks Tractor & Trailer 1.2 tone vibratory rollers Rammers / Plate Compactors Poker Vibrators Truck mixtures Sampling & Testing Equipment Total Station & Auto Level Truck Crane Generator Compressor Other minor tools Safety Management and Control Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Method and Procedures After demolition and removing t...

Method of Plastering. Internal plastering on surfaces of brick and concrete. External wall plastering. Soffit plastering / Soffit finishing with cement based easy plaster material and wall putty. Improving joint of brick walls & structural concrete joints. Internal Plastering on surfaces of Brick and Concrete. Surface where plastering is to be done will be cleaned. Level pegs on walls will be fixed with reference to the off lines to brick walls set out in floors. (Using centre plumb bob and nylon thread). All the brick walls will be watered before pasting mortar on walls. First coat mortar filling (1:4 Cement and Sand) upto 15 mm will be applied on surfaces where required mortar thickness exceed 25mm. Walls and columns will be plastered 1:4 Cement and Sand to achieve semi rough finished surface. Vertical joint of structural columns / walls & brick walls will be treated by fixing 200mm width chicken mesh with wire nails / concre...

EXECUTION OF WORK Demarcate the excavation line with working space. Shall obtain the written approval from employee to start excavation work. Shall thoroughly explain necessary details to excavator operators to get a smooth Work done and avoid less or over excavation. engineer shall continuously monitor the levels while going on the excavation   SEQUENCE OF WORK Removal of surface soil and debris are carried out and clean the site. Considering the area and volume to be excavated and the different levels of excavations in ground Reservoir excavation work shall carried out in two or three places simultaneously. In the Ground Reservoir , excavation work shall reach up to the required level in one time. In the Back Wash Recovery Tank excavation work shall reach up to about 3.0m level in First phase and in 2 nd phase shall reach up to final required level.   Transporting soil Excavated soil will be transported out from the site and soil...

Method Statement This method statement will be established for the construction of brick masonry walls and the related work which are to be completed with brick walls. Brick masonry walls in the scope of work are 225mm thick & 112.5mm thick brick walls. These brick walls will be built with 1:5 cement sand mixture. Description. Brick walls will be built for internal partition & as well as perimeter walls of the building. All brick walls will be constructed by maintaining the verticality of walls and the location of the wall as per the construction issued Architectural drawings / approved shop drawings for brick walls in each floor. While constructing the brick walls, opening for the doors, windows & services will be provided according to the dimensions of doors, windows & the dimensions for openings shown in the service drawings by allowing cement / sand plaster thickness of 15mm in each side of the opening. Method of Brick Masonry. Method of brick will be...