PROJECT QUALITY CONTROL: RESPONSIBILITIES

SENIOR PROJECT MANAGER

• Responsible for Attending Management Review Meetings and progress review meetings.
• Responsible for timely valuation of work and submission of the invoice to the client.
• Attending meeting with Client / Engineer and inform the matters discussed to the Director and site staff for the necessary action.
• Organizing and reviewing 5-S program at site.
• Taking responsibility for reviewing supplier /Sub-contractor performance and reporting at Management meetings.
• Reviewing and approving work plans prepared by Construction Manager.
• Monitoring the standards of workmanship of employees & Providing Work Instruction to the staff including skilled and unskilled workers.
• Collecting and forwarding data relating training needs of the staff members for management review meetings when necessary.
• Initiating Training of Personnel and establishing and maintaining records of training given to the employees of all categories.
• Fixing responsibility on lapses and giving verbal or written warning to the particular employee.

PROJECT MANAGER

• Responsible for planning & monitoring, of construction programme in accordance with master program.
• Prepare monthly construction programmes.
• Represent meeting with the client/ Engineer relating to the Planning matters.
• Prepare material requirement schedule as per the project plan in consultation with the Project Manager.
• Submission of daily work program, inspection / test plan to the Engineer.

• Control the progress and quality of works.
• Setting monthly and weekly targets to the subordinates.
• Overall safety management of the site.
• Monitoring progress against the master program.
• Ensuring conduct of work according to project specification and drawings.
• Over looking implementation of Quality Assurance Systems related to works.

 PLANNING & MATERIAL ENGINEER

• Responsible for performing all test related in approval sources.
• Engaged in field testing and preparation of test reports daily.
• Perform regular testing of materials as specified in the specifications.
• Preparation of monthly test summary for monthly progress report.

• Represent meeting with the client/ Engineer relating to the Quality assurance matters.
• Responsible for the site Quality checks of all materials used for permanent works.
• Random checking for dimensions and accuracy of the formwork, reinforcement and etc. prior to concreting/ before the consultant’s inspection.
• Report at management review meetings on Quality matters and authorisation and amendments to Site Quality Assurance Procedures in consultation with the Project Manager.
• Reviewing and control of work instructions and forms.
• Holding master copies of all quality related documents.
• Approval and maintenance of suppliers’ list to Identifying the type and frequency of inspection and tests to be carried out on material during and after production and instructing laboratory officer with respect to same.
• Responsible for the timely calibration of testing machines and equipments Also Reviewing equipment calibration/service record cards monthly Identifying non conforming equipment and taking action on labelling same.
• Retaining brochures, manuals or other documents supplies by the manufactures of inspection testing and measuring equipment.
• Responsible for giving non conformity report for improper site works.
• Taking responsibility for the evaluation of corrective procedures and closing of non conformities.
• Identifying the problems relating to the quality of the product or the site quality management system.
• Taking over all responsibility for identifying and initiating training Programmes on quality system.

ENVIRONMENTAL & SAFETY OFFICER

• Identification of key activities and relevant EMAP areas.
• Preparation of EMAP.
• Routing checks to conform weather the issues are mitigated in the prescribed manner.
• Arranging training programs to develop skills of the staff
• Preparation of list of obstructions such as trees / archaeological monuments which are to be disturbed by the construction
• Reporting of construction activities which are adversely affecting to the environment to the Project Manager & senior highway engineer for advising site staff.
• Take day to day actions to answer the short term environmental issues and guide the relevant persons accordingly.

• Implement the quality control documentation procedures for all activities and maintain a recording system
• Maintenance of environmental related documentations and formats.

• Follow the traffic management procedures introduced in the EMAP.
• Provide safety precautions where necessary especially at night.
• Make sure correct safety gears are using all the time by the works
• Taking prior approval for traffic management from relevant authorities

MECHANICAL FORMAN

• Maintenance of machinery in good condition as per the service schedule.
• Check and maintenance of the quality of out put of the machine to control the negative impacts such as noise, smoke...etc

 

SURVEYOR

• Responsible for all surveying work.
• Surveying and Setting outs of road centre line & cross sections in every 10 m interval or at closer interval when road has horizontal curves.
• Engaged in field surveying and preparation of surveying books daily.
• Perform frequency checking about the control points as specified in the specifications.

 QUANTITY SURVEYOR

·         Responsible for preparing and Timely submission of monthly Interim Statements.

·         Responsible for preparing rate break downs for new work items and unit rates in consultation with the Project Manager.

·         Responsible for joint measurements of all construction.

·         Material reconciliation for every billing period

·         Measurements of Sub-contracts work and certification of their works

·         Supervision of preparation of measurements for certificate of approvals daily and submit to the Consultant for approvals

TECHNICAL OFFICERS

·         Prepare Work schedules and detailing the subordinating staff.

·      Delegation and instructing sub contractors for qualitative & quantitative production as per the master construction program.

·         Responsible for the road works of the construction with quality requirements & safety of all machinery, Equipment & men at site.

·      Checking for dimensions and accuracy of the moulds at pre determined intervals for the compliance with the tolerance limits.

·         Organizing and scheduling of customer/ client inspection of items, which require prior approval.

·         Joint Inspection of all road works and getting the approval from the consultant/ client.

·         Prepare daily work plan and detailing the subordinating staff and sub contractors.

SUPERVISORS

·    Attending the Site Meetings and delegating/ explaining to the workers the maters relating to the respective area of work.

·     Assisting the Site engineer/Technical officers for the execution of work & timely completion of the works.

·         Checking dimensions, levels and accuracy of the field works before starting the work against the check lists.

Slurry sealing

Materials
The major materials used for slurry sealing work, but are not limited to the following.

• Aggregate
• Filler ( Portland cement )
• Emulsion ( CSS 1)
• Water

Equipment
The major equipment used for the slurry sealing, but are not limited to the following.

• Plate Compactors
• Tractor & Trailer
• Other minor tools

Man power
Man power used for the access construction, but are not limited to the following.

• Technical Officer
• Skilled Labours
• Unskilled Labours

Safety Management and Control
Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Every precautions will be taken avoid any damages to adjoining properties.
 
Method and Procedures
Following procedure will be used to slurry sealing on the embankment. See flow chart at Appendix A.
All loose material, mud spots, vegetation and other objectionable material will be removed immediately prior to applying the slurry.
After the preparation of existing surface, a tack coat of diluted emulsion using CSS-1 with water in the ratio of 1:3 will apply at a rate of 0.25 l/m² – 0.5 l/m², 15- 30 minutes before application the slurry seal.
Materials will be set according to the design and composition of the slurry mix (Table 6.1) and to the grading requirement (Table 6.2) for aggregate.


Design and composition of the slurry mix

Aggregate	98%
Filler	2%
Emulsion	13%
Water	13%

Grading requirement for aggregate.

Sieve size	Percentage by mass of total aggregate passing test sieve
3/8 in (9.5mm)	100
No.4 (4.75 mm)	100
No.8 (2.36 mm)	90-100
No.16 (1.18 mm)	65-90
No.30 (600mm)	40-60
No.50 (300mm)	25-42
No.100 (150mm)	15-30
No.200 (075mm)	10-20

The Portland cement will be mixed firstly with the fine aggregate thoroughly using shovels.

Then course aggregate will be add to the above mix and rework.

Half of the estimated quantity of water will add to the aggregate cement mix and will mix to achieve a uniform consistency using shovels.

The material obtained from the previous step will make in to a form of an inverted cone with a depression in the middle. The emulsion (CSS-1) will pour into this depression and mixed immediately using shovels.

Addition of emulsion is done in two equal.

The balance water will be add and mixed thoroughly to achieve slurry of uniform consistency for easy spreading.

Cracks will be sealed using above mix with a rate of application of 3.3-5.4 kg/m².

30 min minutes after leveling the layer will be compacted using a wooden tamper to obtain a uniform surface with even texture and to expedite the setting time of emulsion.

Then two hour after the commencements of the trials the layer will be compact using a plate vibrator.


Newly constructed area will open for normal vehicular traffic after completion of the above compaction with a minimum speed 15kmph.

ASPHALT PAVING, TRANSPORTING, PLACING & COMPACTING Part 01

Preparation of Surface

The layer to be primed shall be cleaned of all loose and deleterious material by means of a rotary broom and/or hand brooms or other approved means. The brushing force shall be sufficient to dislodge all adhering material without damaging the pavement surface. Scale, clay and other foreign material shall be removed by hand where instructed. The exposed surface shall be kept moist up to the time of spraying. If the moisture content is too high to permit full penetration of the prime coat in the opinion of the Engineer the Contractor shall delay prime coat application until the moisture content is satisfactory for full penetration as instructed by the Engineer.

The surface shall be prepared in this manner to expose a hard tight mosaic of large aggregate in the base course. Hardened impervious films or layers of compacted fine material over the larger aggregate shall be removed by approved by the Engineer.

Preparation of road surface for paving with asphalt includes:

• close inspection followed by any necessary correction of the existing surface,
• Cleaning of the surface,
• Pre-treatment of the surface, usually by tack coating and
• Provision for traffic during the course of the work.

Transport and Delivery of the Hot Asphalt Mixture

The method of transport is to be such as to minimize the loss of heat, segregation of the mix and contamination with foreign matter. Delivery should be at a uniform rate within the capacity of the spreading and compacting equipment. Waiting time and delays on the site should be minimized.

Haulage Vehicles

Trucks for transporting the mix should have clean, smooth, metal tipping bodies with a minimum capacity of 6 tones, to conserve heat. They should be providing with heavy duty waterproof covers to further reduce heat losses and to protect the material from rain and also be provided with suitable tailgates to permit controlled discharge without spillage.

When haulage over long distances is required truck bodies may have to be suitably insulated. Trucks should be as large as practicable, and their bodies deep, for better heat retention. The trucks should be filled sufficiently to minimize heat loss and segregation during transport and to reduce costs.

Release Agents

It is important that the internal surfaces of truck bodies be clean to prevent the mix from adhering. Release agents such as diesel or stone dust should be used sparingly. Truck bodies should be tipped before loading to ensure removal of any excess liquid release agents or water.

Organization

Transport operations should be arranged in a manner to allow continuous placing of the mix, having regarded to:

• The number of haulage vehicles available;
• Meal breaks;
• The haulage distance to the work site, and
• The times at which the mix can be placed, due to site availability.

Placing the mix

Placing to shoulders

Asphalt truck had reached to the site that would direct toward asphalting section. Then lay mat bottom of truck opening for collecting wasted asphalt. Then asphalt is supplied to shoulders by means of excavator bucket and placed it around 5m intervals. After that asphalt are spread out by labours. Before use the bucket was applied oil. Manually laid the asphalt over the shoulder according to section

Hand Work

If the paver is adjusted and operated correctly, and the asphalt mix is well designed, little hand work should be required. Shovelling, raking or other disturbance of the surface after machine spreading has taken place should be kept to a minimum. Segregation of the coarser particles is the greatest danger with hand work and care must be taken to ensure the mix is not moved excessively by hand methods. Hand laying should be done by placing the asphalt in position and spreading from the centre using the back of a rake. The asphalt should never be thrown scattered, or raked. Any segregated coarse particles should be removed and not returned to the top of the layer.

Method Statement for ABC Construction

Aggregate Base Coarse

Materials

• Aggregate Base Course. (0-40mm)
• Water

Equipment

The major equipment used for the laying of ABC works and compaction, but are not limited to the following.

• JCB, and/or Backhoes
• Bob Cat
• Dump Trucks
• Rollers
• Motor Grader
• Rammers / Plate Compactors
• Water Bowser
• Sampling & Testing Equipment
• Auto Level, Straight Edge & Wedge
• Other minor tools

Man Power

Man Power used for the Aggregate Base course works includes, but are not limited to the following.

• Site Engineer
• Technical Officers
• Supervisors
• Labours

Safety & Traffic controllers

Safety Management and Traffic Control

All workers will be advised to wear helmets, boots, and gloves while working. There will be a stand by vehicle near site always if needed in a case of accident. The safety officer inspects several times to inspect safety matters.

Method and Procedures

ABC Indication in drawing

General

Once the Sub base is completed ABC 1^st layer will be spread over the widening part and on the existing pavement of the total width of 9.0 m.

Aggregate Base Course construction will be done half of the road way at a time and other side permits to go vehicles with out any disturbance.

Before starting the ABC construction both side shoulder preparation will be done for some extend to avoid the wasting of ABC and to shift away of aggregates at the edge compacting.

Where (0-40 mm) ABC material has to be spread on a sub-base, the surface of sub-Base should be cleared from any extraneous matter and where the ABC is laid over an existing bituminous pavement, the surface will be lightly scarified and scarified material will be cleaned before laying the base course.

ABC will be spread by using of JCB or Motor grader for 1^st layer and the final layer will be spread by motor grader.

The ABC material will be spread after checking all necessary testing, which will be given in specifications and the material will be mix with water at the yard and well saturated material will be transported to the site.

After checking the underlying layer for damages or deficiencies, ABC will be spread in layers not exceeding 200 mm & the length of spreading will be 500m or less at a time and compaction will be done by 17 Tons roller.

Before starting the compaction, required water content will be added and mixed ABC with the help of a water bowser, motor grader and compaction will be started using suitable roller depending on the layer thickness. Any areas of segregated course and fine material will be corrected by re-mixing, removing or replacing with well graded material.

Rolling will be carries out by a series of overlapping longitudinal passes working from the edge towards the center, in the super elevated section where the rolling will be proceed from the lower edge to the higher edge. After that inspect the compacted surface.

The compacted layer will be tested for degree of compaction not less than 98%. After getting required compaction next layer will be started and repeat as mention above up to required levels in the drawings or as instructed by the Engineer.

In cases where an existing ABC layer is to be improved by adding a layer of material less than 100mm thick, the existing surface will be scarified to a certain depth and mixed with the imported material. After that re-compaction will be started as per the specification requirement or as directed by the Engineer.

After compaction of ABC layer final finish level will be taken jointly and check for undulation to ensure the surface is within the allowable tolerance.

Traffic will not be allowed to go on the finished ABC layer until the layer covered by prime coat.

Compressive Strength Test (Cube Crushed Test)

 

This test was done by using a Cube crushed machine named ELE Compact 1500 machine designed for measure compressive strength of materials. Maximum applied load was 2000kN. Samples were taken from the concrete mixture which was used for the construction by making cubes (150mm×150mm×150mm), normally six cubes were made from one sample and it was compacted by using a hammer having 1.8Kg weight when it was making. Three Cubes were tested for strength after 7 days and others in 28 days from particular construction date. For that test a cube was put on the machine which consist a hydraulic jack and then oil valve was closed to take the pressure on jack. After placing the cube, the top screw has to be tightened to touch the upper plate on the specimen. Then adjust the manual display for the test and start the machine for compressed the specimen. When the loading was applying cracks were visible in the cube. When that specimen has reached its maximum load it displayed on the display. The description of the concrete mixture was mentioned on the top face of the each & every cube. All cubes were kept in a tank which was fully saturated by water. According to the testing order cubes were merged in the water in an array.

ELE compact 1500 machine

Bitumen Extraction Test

 

After taken samples from the asphalt plant, this test was used to find out the bitumen content of the asphalt concrete, to make sure the correct content of bitumen has been used in the actual mix.

PROCEDURE OF BITUMENN EXTRUCTION TEST

Sample was selected from dump truck which is in the site and then it was put in to the oven. Sample size was depended on maximum aggregate size of the mixture and capacity of the Extraction equipment. About 1250g sample was collected as capacity of the bitumen extraction equipment. That was put into the bowl of the machine and some petrol also added.(About 5l of petrol had to use for complete extraction) Then the bowl was covered by using a special filter paper, which was oven dried nearly 140 ⁰C and had weighted (12.7g) and the system was closed by steel cover and tied.

After some time, the machine was “on” (it is rotating while discharging bitumen mixed with petrol) and the discharge of petrol and bitumen mixture was collected from the outlet at bellow. Continuously petrol was put into the system through the top hole of the machine until the bottom outlet gives pure petrol.

Then the retained sample was collected and put into the oven and the filter paper also put. After that both are weighted. Using calculation, we can obtain the bitumen content of the sample having bitumen content 3.9%. Then the retained sample was analyzed from sieves having mesh sizes from 25mm-0.075mm as per the lab sheet.

Bitumen Extractor Machine

Flakiness Index Test

 

The flakiness index of aggregates is determined by the percentage of flaky particles contained in it. For base course, and construction of asphalt and cement concrete types the presence of flaky particles is considered undesirable as it may cause inherent weakness with possibilities of braking down under heavy loads. Therefore, in pavement construction the flaky particles are to avoid particularly is surface course.

Thickness gauge

The test apparatus consists of a standard thickness gauge (6.30 – 63.0 mm) is used for this test. The flakiness index test (FI) is not applicable passing 6.30 mm or retaining 63.0 mm test sieve.

Testing procedure

The dried aggregates sample is allowed to passing and retained on a set of sieve.

The weight of retained aggregate on each sieve is measured and determined the percentage of retained.

Each of the particles fractions of aggregate is tried to passing through the slot of the thickness gauge.

The weight of aggregates passing on each gauge is measured.

Discarded the fraction of aggregate if it has the percentage of retained is less than or equal to 5 percent.

Then, the FI is the total weight of the material passing the various thickness gauges expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the sample gauged. The flakiness index value of the aggregate should be below 35 % that recommended for the road construction.

Calculation

Field Density Test

 

The sand cone method is used for field density test in our highway construction. In the field, the dry density test is carried out for check the compaction of layers.

Compaction is most useful for the preparation of sub base grade and other pavement layers and in construction of embankment in order to increase the stability and to decrease settlement. In field compaction, the compacting moisture content is first controlled at optimum moisture content and the adequacy of rolling or compaction is controlled by checking the dry density achieved and comparing with the maximum dry density.

Base layer-98%

Sub base layer-98%

Type 1 layer-95%

ABC layer-100%

Road shoulder- 98%

Field density test

Testing procedure:

The weight of empty sand cone is measured and then filled with dry sand and weighted.

The soil excavated from the hole is collected and weighted.

After weighting, a specimen of soil is taken to determine it water content.

The sand cone is placed on the test hole with the help of the base plate and sand is allowed to run by opening the control value.

When the sand stops running, the valve is closed and the cone is weighted with the remaining sand.

Then the dry density of soil can be calculated and the present of compaction of otherwise the compaction is failure. Then, the compacted place to be re-compacted and re-test.

Calculation:

• Weight of used sand: 16000mg
• Remain sand weight: 4286mg
• Density of sand: 1.349mg/cm3
• Weight of ABC: 15632.42mg
• Volume of cone: 2274cm3
• Volume of hole: 8683.47cm3
• Density of ABC: 2.48mg/cm
• Moisture content: 4.5%
• Dry density: 2.33mg/cm3
• Degree of compaction: 98%

Plastic Limit Test (Pl)

 

Plastic limit is defined as the minimum moisture content at which the soil remains in a plastic state. Plasticity index (PI) is defined as the numerical difference between the liquid limit and plastic limit. Plastic index thus indicates the range of moisture content over which the soil is in a plastic condition. Plastic limit is the moisture content at which a soil when rolled in to thread of smallest diameter possible starts crumbling and has a diameter of 3 mm.

Testing procedure

The dry soil that passing 0.425 mm test sieve is mixed with distilled water until it becomes sufficiently plastic to be mould into a ball.

Part of the soil sample is formed into a thread, about 6 mm in diameter between the first finger and thumb of each hand.

The thread is then rolled on a glass plate until its diameter is reduced to about 3 mm.

The thread is then folded and rolled repeatedly until the 3 mm thread begins to crumble.

All threads are collected into the container and placed on the oven for drying.

The dry samples are weighed for the moisture content of soil.

Then percentage of the moisture content is determined from the above reading. Similarly, the moisture content to another sample is determined and calculated the average value of percent of the moisture content, which is defined as plastic limit.

Calculation

Liquid Limit Test (Ll)

 

Liquid limit is defined as minimum water content at which the soil flow under the application of a very small shearing force. The LL is usually determined in the laboratory using a mechanical device. Liquid limit is moisture content at which 25 blows in standard liquid limit apparatus will just close a groove of standardized dimensions cut in the sample by the grooving tool by specified amount.

Liquid limit tests

Testing procedure

The dry soil sample that passing 0.425 mm test sieve is mixed with distilled water to a thick paste.

Some of the soil paste is placed in the cup, leveled off horizontally and divided by cutting a groove.

The two halves of the soil gradually flow together as the cup is raised and repeatedly dropped on to the base at the rate of 2 drops per second.

The number of blows required to close the bottom of the groove is calculated.

This test is repeated after adding more water.

All test samples are collected and placed on the oven for 24 hours.

The dry samples are weighed for the moisture content of soil.

From the above reading, the percent of moisture content of the soil is determined and plot the number of blows-moisture content % graph. According to the graph, the LL is defined as the moisture content at which 25 blows.

Proctor Compaction Test

Soil compaction is a mechanical process by which the soil particles are constrained to be packed more closely together by reducing the air voids. Soil compaction causes decreases in air voids and consequently an increase in dry density. This may result in increase in shearing strength. Increase the dry density of a soil due to compaction.

Compaction depends on following three factors

• The nature of soil
• The compacting moisture content
• The amount of compaction or compactive effort

At the laboratory, the dynamic compaction test call proctor compactions test is tested for determining the moisture-density relationship of soils. This relationship indicates that under a given compaction effort every soil has optimum moisture content at which the soil attains maximum dry density.

Through the compaction test, the maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil found for the selected type and amount of compaction. The OMC of the soil indicates the particular moisture content at which the soil should be compacted to achieve MDD. The MDD in the proctor compaction test lower value indicating weaker soil.

Proctor compaction test

Testing procedure:

The soil to be used in the test is first air dried and passed through a 20m test sieve.

It is mixed thoroughly with a small amount of water and compacted into the mould 5 equal layers.

Each layers being compacted by 27 blows of the 4.5Kg hammer dropped through a height of 450mm above the soil surface.

The soil is trimmed to the tope of the mould and weighted to determine it is dry density.

The test is repeated five times with gradually increasing water contents until the whale of the relevant range of water content has been covered.

Then, the moisture content and the dry density are determined and plot the dry density-moisture content graph. From this graph, the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content are read out the graph curve comes similar to following graph.

Calculation

a Dry density Vs moisture content

Method Statement for Slurry sealing

Materials

The major materials used for slurry sealing work, but are not limited to the following.

• Aggregate
• Filler ( Portland cement )
• Emulsion ( CSS 1)
• Water

 Equipment

The major equipment used for the slurry sealing, but are not limited to the following.

• Plate Compactors
• Tractor & Trailer
• Other minor tools

Man power

Man power used for the access construction, but are not limited to the following.

• Technical Officer
• Skilled Labours
• Unskilled Labours

Safety Management and Control

Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Road Work Traffic Control Manual. Every precautions will be taken avoid any damages to adjoining properties.

 Method and Procedures

All loose material, mud spots, vegetation and other objectionable material will be removed immediately prior to applying the slurry.

After the preparation of existing surface, a tack coat of diluted emulsion using CSS-1 with water in the ratio of 1:3 will apply at a rate of 0.25 l/m² – 0.5 l/m², 15- 30 minutes before application the slurry seal.

Materials will be set according to the design and composition of the slurry mix (Table 6.1) and to the grading requirement (Table 6.2) for aggregate.

Design and composition of the slurry mix

Aggregate	98%
Filler	2%
Emulsion	13%
Water	13%

Grading requirement for aggregate.

Sieve size	Percentage by mass of total aggregate passing test sieve
3/8 in (9.5mm)	100
No.4 (4.75 mm)	100
No.8 (2.36 mm)	90-100
No.16 (1.18 mm)	65-90
No.30 (600mm)	40-60
No.50 (300mm)	25-42
No.100 (150mm)	15-30
No.200 (075mm)	10-20

The Portland cement will be mixed firstly with the fine aggregate thoroughly using shovels.

Then course aggregate will be add to the above mix and rework.

Half of the estimated quantity of water will add to the aggregate cement mix and will mix to achieve a uniform consistency using shovels.

The material obtained from the previous step will make in to a form of an inverted cone with a depression in the middle. The emulsion (CSS-1) will pour into this depression and mixed immediately using shovels. Addition of emulsion is done in two equal.

The balance water will be add and mixed thoroughly to achieve slurry of uniform consistency for easy spreading.

Cracks will be sealed using above mix with a rate of application of 3.3-5.4 kg/m².

30 min minutes after leveling the layer will be compacted using a wooden tamper to obtain a uniform surface with even texture and to expedite the setting time of emulsion.

Then two hour after the commencements of the trials the layer will be compact using a plate vibrator.

Newly constructed area will open for normal vehicular traffic after completion of the above compaction with a minimum speed 15kmph.

Quality Control

Several inspections and verifications will be carried out as described in the above method and procedures to ensure that the steps of the procedure are fully complied with during slurry sealing.

Method Of StatementTack Coat and Asphalting

 

Materials

The major materials used for tack coat & asphalt work, but are not limited to the following.

• Asphalt Concrete (Binder Course )
• CRS 1

Equipment

The major equipment used for tack coat & asphalt work, but are not limited to the following.

• Asphalt Pavers – 5.5 m width
• Pneumatic Tyred Rollers – 10 Tone
• Tandem Roller – 8 Tone
• 2.5 T roller
• Plate Compactor
• Tractor & Trailer
• Asphalt Cutter & Breaker
• Tractor with Broom – 2 m Wide
• Dump Trucks – 3.5 Cube
• Sampling & Testing Equipment
• Sprit Level
• Compressor – 125 cfm
• Tack coat sprayer
• Straight Edges
• Water bowser
• Other minor tools

Man Power

Man power used for tack coat & asphalt work, but are not limited to the following.

• Civil Forman (Asphalt)
• Safety Officer
• Lab technician
• Surveyor Assistant
• Supervisors
• Rake Men
• Skilled Labours
• Unskilled Labours

Responsibility of work carried out lies on every person involve for the job. Site management team, Materials Engineer and Surveyor collectively bear responsibility in guaranteeing the quality of finished product.

Safety Management and Tra.ffic Control

Safety precaution will be taken complying with the Traffic and Safety Plan. Every precaution will be taken to avoid any accidents & damages to adjoining properties, workers, and road users.

All workers will be advised to wear helmets, boots, and gloves while working. There will be a stand by vehicle near site always if needed in case of accident.

The safety officer visits several times to inspect safety matters.

Method and Procedures

Generally tack coat & Asphalt works will be done when the existing surface is dry or sufficiently low in moisture and normally the atmospheric temperature is above the 15 ^oC or as instructed by the Engineer. Before starting Tack Coat & Asphalt Works, the area will be demarcated & safety signs will be properly arranged. Single lane traffic will be managed so that no vehicle commuters suffer unnecessary delay.

Placing to shoulders                                                                Final rolling

Tack Coat & Regulating Course

The surface will be cleaned and removed loose and deleterious material from the existing road with the help of compressed air. Request will be made for checking the surface prior to applying the tack coat on existing road.

Tack coat will be applied at required rate 0.25 -0.55 L/m2 on cleaned existing road surface and spray record sheets will be submitted to the engineer on a daily basis for Engineer’s approval.

Asphalt concrete will be mixed with the approved job mix formula in the Asphalt plant Mixing, transporting, trucks & other machineries, and the physical condition of the asphalt mix will be in accordance with the specification requirements. Loading & transportation will be co-ordinate and spreading, compacting and finishing will be completed during daylight hours unless otherwise adequate illumination will be provided in order to minimize darkness. Night work will be done only due to accepted reason with the Engineer approvals. Delivering of asphalt to the paver will be at a minimum temperature of 135 C as per the specification.

Longitudinal edge will be set along the center line and also the lateral joint will be set staggered. Longitudinal and transverse joints will be made in a careful manner so that well bounded sealed joints are provided for full depth of course.

Asphalt paving will be start immediately after transporting, using asphalt paver, which is capable of spreading, finishing, and providing initial compaction to the asphalt mix such that the surfacing shall be finished to the required lines, grades, levels, dimensions, cross sections or as per the Engineer’s instructions. Manual spreading will be applied where Asphalt paver operation not applicable.

Immediately after the asphalt mix is spread rolling will be commenced with out under displacement or cracking. The transverse joint, Longitudinal joint, breakdown rolling done by static weight roller and intermediate rolling and final rolling will be done by pneumatic rollers. The final rolling will be completed before the temperature of the mix falls below 90 C.

Newly laid asphalt edge will be hand tampered simultaneously with the break down rolling.

Section of the newly laid asphalt layer will be protected from traffic until the mix has sufficiently hardened and traffic will normally not be permitted over newly laid surface at least for 12 hours after laying or until the temperature of the newly laid surface has achieved the ambient temperature.

The density of all samples taken from the compacted surface course will not be less than 97% of the Marshall Density at the point appropriate to the locations and air void will be the 3 to 7.

Quality Control

Certain inspections, verifications, and tests will be carried out, to ensure the quality and durability of the product as described in the above procedures, as per the requirements given in specifications.

Guide lines for site requirements will be set while continuing the asphalt laying depending on the condition such as roller passes etc, as a rule of thumb.

Measurement Control

Regulating course (Binder Mix) will be measured by tonnage. Certain inspections, verifications, and tests will be carried out, to ensure the quality and durability of the product as described in the above procedures, as per the requirements given in the specification. Approval will be obtained from Engineer for material (Asphalt) delivery sheet daily.

ROAD MARKING

Introduction

Road surface marking is any kind of device or material that is used on a road surface in order to convey official information. They can also be applied in other facilities used by vehicles to mark parking spaces or designate areas for other uses.

Materials

1.Thermoplastic road marking materials

2.Glass beads

 

Equipment

1.Road Marking Machine

2.Gas

3.Rope

4.Chisel.

5.Cleaning equipment

6.Small Tools

 

Method

1.Center line will be set out and get approvals about the Center line before commencement of line marking.

2. Road surface shall be cleaned manually using wire brush and wash the surface where necessary.

3. As per the approved road marking design the road marking lines & symbols will be set out means of white chalk and approval will taken by Engineer.

4. The thermoplastic material is heated in the range of temperature around 170 ~ 200 0C and maintain in the range during the entire laying process.

 

5. After getting the approval of the temporary marking on the asphalt surface permanent marking shall be carried out by considering required color. This machine has the facility of adding glass beads in to the paint while painting.

6. All roads marking shall be protected from traffic until the marked paint get dry.

Method of Plastering

Method of Plastering

1. Internal plastering on surfaces of brick and concrete.
2. External wall plastering.
3. Soffit plastering / Soffit finishing with cement based easy plaster material and wall putty.
4. Improving joint of brick walls & structural concrete joints.

Internal Plastering on surfaces of Brick and Concrete

Surface where plastering is to be done will be cleaned.

Level pegs on walls will be fixed with reference to the off lines to brick walls set out in floors. (Using centre plumb bob and nylon thread).

All the brick walls will be watered before pasting mortar on walls.

First coat mortar filling (1:4 Cement and Sand) up to 15 mm will be applied on surfaces where required mortar thickness exceed 25mm.

Walls and columns will be plastered 1:4 Cement and Sand to achieve semi rough finished surface.

Vertical joint of structural columns / walls & brick walls will be treated by fixing 200mm width chicken mesh with wire nails / concrete nails by centering the mesh to the vertical wall joint.

All the embedded service lines and provisions (Conduits, Boxes and etc. ) will be completed on brick walls and check with the MEP drawings.

Joints between walls and beams will be formed up to a maximum of 20mm and will be sealed using 30 minutes fire rated flexible filler. (Material descriptions will be submitted for the approval of the Engineer)

Internal plastering on surfaces of concrete columns, beams & walls which are aligned with surfaces of brick walls will be plastered and other concrete surfaces will be finished with cement base easy plaster. (Material descriptions will be submitted for the approval of the Engineer).

External Wall Plastering

Alignment and fixing level pegs on external wall surfaces will be done using the surveying instrument / centre plumb bobs.

Projections on the wall surfaces will be chipped off and cleaned after completing the level pegs on walls.

First coat mortar filling (1:4 Cement and Sand) up to 15 mm will be applied on surfaces where required mortar thickness exceed 25mm.

Cement paste on concrete surfaces will be applied to improve the bonding of plaster to the concrete surfaces.

Maximum width of 20mm horizontal grooves between walls and beams will be formed by cutting using grinders with diamond wheels after plastering the wall surface. This groove will be filled with approved weather sealant.

External wall plaster will be finished with rough surface.

1:10 slope at the external side of the window sill will be formed while plastering the window reveals.

Soffit Plastering / Soffit Finishing with Cement Based Easy Plaster

The slab soffits and beams' sides and soffits which are to be smooth surfaced painted finished will be smoothen with easy plaster (Material literature will be submitted separately) and places where concrete surfaces are uneven, will be roughen & leveled with cement and sand mortar plaster before applying easy plaster to make surface smooth.

Improving Joints of Brick Wall & Structural Concrete

• 200mm wide Chicken Mesh will be fixed at the joint.
• Concrete surfaces will be washed and cleaned.
• Concrete surface which are to be plastered will be roughen or put spot cement slurry.

Quality Controlling & Quality Assurance

• Experienced supervisory staff will be employed for carrying out the work.
• Selected masons will be engaged for plastering work.
• Vertical and alignment of walls will be checked while plastering.
• Mixing of mortar will be done under the supervision of foremen.
• Sieved sand will be used for plaster.

Before the plastering & without

After the plastering & into the lintel